Dynamic MDS Matrices for Substantial Cryptographic Strength

Ciphers get their strength from the mathematical functions of confusion and diffusion, also known as substitution and permutation. These were the basics of classical cryptography and they are still the basic part of modern ciphers. In block ciphers diffusion is achieved by the use of Maximum Distance Separable (MDS) matrices. In this paper we present some methods for constructing dynamic (and random) MDS matrices.Comment: Short paper at WISA'10, 201

Late Marriages and Moral Conduct: Ethnography of Males of District Khanewal

Delayed marriage is particularly an ingrained socio-cultural trend among the masses, which is widely prevalent in the Middle East, West Asia, United States and North Africa. The escalating concern about the prevention of health issues, challenged physical condition and psychological disorders among the offspring have led majority of the couples to seek counselling, considering it an imperative aspect of their marital relationship. Despite its advantage, such an approach has caused social confusion and disorder in the society too resulting in delayed marriages. In this regard, the delayed marriage is an interesting anthro-biological problem widespread among the people of Khanewal city. In the face of such challenged physiological functioning of the individuals and the unreliableexisting multi-layered treatment mechanism; masses customarilyobserve and practice this phenomenon

Efficient Group Key Management Schemes for Multicast Dynamic Communication Systems

Key management in multicast dynamic groups, where users can leave or join at their ease is one of the most crucial and essential part of secure communication. Various efficient management strategies have been proposed during last decade that aim to decrease encryption costs and transmission overheads. In this report, two different types of key management schemes are proposed. First proposed scheme is based on One-way function tree (OFT). The proposed scheme fulfills the security gaps that have been pointed out in recent years. Second proposed scheme is based on logical key hierarchy (LKH). This proposed scheme provides better performance for, rather inflexible and expensive, LKH scheme

Job Satisfaction and Job Commitment through Transformation

The organization performance and its growth mostly depend on its leadership style. Transactional leadership and organizational performance have positive trend for job satisfaction and for career satisfaction in the banking sector. The aim of this study is to find the find the relationship between organizational performance, transactional leadership and job satisfaction in banking sector. A questionnaire type survey was done among different private banks of Pakistan to collect the data. Based on literature review a theoretical model was formulated, and statistical analysis were performed using SPSS statistical software to test all these hypotheses. Results of this study concludes that transformational leadership has significant impact on job satisfaction and organizational commitment, and job satisfaction and organizational commitment are strongly correlated

President Trump’s Strategy in Afghanistan: The Way Forward to Normalcy

Over the years, the Taliban have overwhelmingly grown in influence and their stature is being well recognized; exerting more pressure on Washington’s future orientation in Afghanistan. Amidst the backdrop of transitions taking place in Afghanistan’s political landscape, the foreseeable future has, ostensibly, rekindled the prospects of peace. Although peace process is gradually moving further, yet both sides are reluctant to compromise on each others’ terms. Since the assumption of power, President Trump’s approach to Afghanistan has been oscillating in consulting varying options to bring the Taliban to their terms rather to indulge, in true spirits, in a widely acknowledged political framework for peace. These chosen policy actions posit more challenges and less opportunities for peace in war-ridden Afghanistan. The emergent scenario requires a comprehensive, well-crafted and compromising structure to be devised, featured with inclusiveness of all stakes and issues involved in this prolonged conflict. Evaluating and analyzing President Trump’s strategic policy toward Afghanistan, this paper aims to explore the manifesting failures and grey areas of Trump’s Afghan strategy and also attempts to provide strategic foresight while considering the framework of endgame in Afghanista

Comparative Productive Performance of two Broiler Strains in Open Housing System

Background: The present study was conducted to compare the growth performance and ultimately to calculate the profitability of the two locally available commercial strains of broiler (Ross 308 and Cobb 500).Methods: For the purpose of study, 900 number of day-old chicks (DOC) of each strain were purchased from the local market. The birds were reared in conventional broiler house with the provision of standard managemental conditions throughout the experimental period. The parameters recorded on weekly basis were feed intake, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio (FCR) and mortality.Results: Result shown that the total body weight of Cobb-500 and Ross-308 on 1st week was 207.40±14 gram and 196.00±16 gram respectively and these result represented significant difference of weight gain (P0.05) among the strains. Furthermore, significant difference of feed conversion ratio (FCR) was observed (P<0.05) among both the strains but from day 7th till the market age weekly FCR of Cob-500 was significantly higher (P<0.05) than Ross-308. Comparatively high mortality (4.8±0.4%) was noticed in Ross broiler strain than Cobb broiler strain (3.7±0.4%). Conclusion: It was concluded from the current study that the Cobb-500 is performing better in conventional open housing system at high altitude than Ros-308.Keywords: Broiler; Cobb-500; Ross-308; Conventional broiler houses; Mortalit

Former Muslims’ socio-religious discourse on social media:a speech acts analysis

This study aims to provide insights into the speech acts in socio-religious discourse constructed by former Malaysian Muslims on social media. This study employs a blended analytical lens consisting of Searle’s (1999) taxonomy of speech acts and van Dijk’s (1992) perspective of micro and macro speech acts. The analysis reveals that all five conventional speech act categories are represented in the discourse. But these categories do not provide insights into the real performances in the construction of discourse unless they are combined with analysis of actual performances at utterance level and at discourse level. Using blended speech act analysis, this study provides deeper insights into how and what former Muslims accomplish through their use of language while constructing anti-religious discourse on social media. The analysis revealed that from van Dijk’s (1992) perspective of speech acts, at the utterance level; argument is the most used micro-speech act followed by denial, persuasion, suggestion, rejection, warning, and assertion. At the discourse level; argument is also the most common macro-speech act followed by rejection, denial, warning, assertion, persuasion, information, and direction. This study concludes that the social media affordances enabled the former Muslims living in Islamic countries to perform speech acts and construct derogatory discourse on Islam. Further the strategic speech acts identified demonstrate former Muslims’ tendency, capacity and intention of challenging religious, especially Islamic, authoritative discourse